They begin by discussing how the normal decision making process proceeds in 4 steps, each of which has a "villain" that can negatively impact it. To quote from their introduction:* You encounter a choice. But narrow framing makes you miss options.* You analyze your options. But the confirmation bias leads you to gather self-serving information.* You make a choice. But short-term emotion will often tempt you to make the wrong one.* Then you live with it. But you'll often be overconfident about how the future will unfold